Vaeakau-Taumako (pile1238-1)

Næss, Åshild; Hovdhaugen, Even. A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako. 2011. hh:g:NaessHovdhaugen:Vaeakau-Taumako

Consonants (21)

pʰ p b	tʰ t (d)	kʰ k {g}
f v	s
m̥ m	n̥ n	ŋ̥ ŋ
	l̥ l
	{r}

Vowels (5)

i		u
e		o
	a

Notes

/h/ is given instead of /f/, but in clusters the authors give this phoneme as /f/. Taumako has [h] for this phoneme except in the desiderative prefix _fele-_.

Initial clusters are /bl fk fl fn fŋ kl kl̥ km̥ kŋ̥ md ml mn mŋ ŋk pl pr tn tl vl/. Across syllable borders, /nb ŋg/ are also attested. There are no coda consonants, so syllable structure is (C(C))V.

Allophonic rules

b > bʷ / _u
b > ⁿb / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
tʰ >~ s / in the Taumako dialect
t > d / m_
t > r / V[-close]_u in the Taumako dialect
t > r / V[-close]_V[-close] in the Vaeakau and Taumako dialects
k >~ 0 / _ŋ̥
f > h / in the Taumako dialect
f > h / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
f > ɸ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
m >~ n / _d
l̥ > ɬ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
l·i >~ dʒ / _{a o}
a >~ e / _{i u}, u_, V[close]$_, _$V[close]
a >~ o / u_, _u
a >~ æ / {e i o u}$_${e i o u}
i > j / _[-stress]{a o}, V_[-stress]V
i >~ 0 / _[-stress]# in a few words
u >~ o / _a
u > w / _[-stress]{a o}, V_[-stress]V
u >~ 0 / _[-stress]# in a few words